The ADHD rampage: are we being over-diagnosed?

by Avika Anand
South Forsyth High School

Mental health disorders and condition awareness have been on the rise. Across social media, content creators have been emphasizing the importance of diagnosing and treating mental health deficiencies. But with the rise of the influencer era, has mental health awareness lost its integrity?

The phrases “My OCD cannot handle this” and “I have ADHD or something” have been spoken by many of us. But how true are these statements? Has it become a trend to claim to have these conditions?

The Association of American Medical Colleges reports that currently, 1 of every 4 adults suspects they have ADHD (attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder). What’s more, this suspicion began during the COVID-19 pandemic for most. As people sat at home with little to do, boredom was guaranteed. This led most people to develop similar symptoms to ADHD and then consult healthcare providers, hoping to receive a prescription to ease their symptoms. Additionally, with the rise of social media “there’s been a lot of misinformation, sensationalizing and generalizing” claims Dr. Craig Surman.

Dr. Elizabeth Wolf speculates that the rise in diagnoses is correlated with the reduction in criteria to “have the disorder”. The required symptoms to verify ADHD have reduced from six to five factors, allowing for more people to qualify for prescription medications to treat ADHD.

What is the harm? Over-diagnosis of ADHD can result in overmedicating people who do not even require certain medications. This perilous and potentially irreversible practice can result in neurological damage. ADHD is most caused due to an abundance in white and gray matter in the brain as described by the American Psychiatric Association. Generally, it is treated by medications, specifically inhibitors to block the reuptake and release of neurotransmitters such as dopamine. However, if these medications are taken without an excess of these neurotransmitters, they can result in an imbalance, inhibiting normal brain function.

Additionally, therapy is generally recommended as well, which, if unnecessary, results in discomfort and insecurity due to the diagnosis and unfitting treatment. Misdiagnosed ADHD usually results in additional conditions such as depression, anxiety, suicidal thoughts and humiliation or insecurity.

Accurate diagnoses are best conducted by a licensed healthcare professional. Social media and influencers are not a credible enough source to begin taking prescription medications and receiving treatment or a diagnosis. If you suspect ADHD or other mental conditions or suspect misdiagnosis, consult a healthcare provider. If you are having suicidal thoughts or need to have a conversation about your mental health, contact the 988 hotline.

Don’t hesitate to get help. You are valid in your doubts and questions.

AI’s role in self-diagnosing: Is it reliable?

by Avika Anand
South Forsyth High School

Photo by Luca Sammarco on Pexels.com

How often have you researched the symptoms of the “life-threatening disease” AI had diagnosed you with? You aren’t alone. The National Library of Medicine recorded that out of a sample of 476 people, 78.4% of people are willing to look to ChatGPT to diagnose themselves.

But is ChatGPT really a doctor? Can we trust a bot to dictate our medications and treatments? An exploratory study put Open AI to the test, assessing the accuracy of the diagnoses of various orthopedic diseases based on listed symptoms. It found that ChatGPT was able to diagnose some conditions with 100% accuracy while others were limited to less than 10%. Interestingly, as reported by a study for the Journal of Medical Internet Research, ChatGPT reported incorrect answers with unwavering confidence, making itself more believable and “reliable”. A study conducted in Canada found that only 31% of ChatGPT’s answers to a collection of medical questions derived from a medical licensing examination were correct and only 34% of answers were clear or understandable by the readers. An Australian study connects these “understandable” responses with the omission of critical information, leading to misunderstandings regarding the health of the user. Dr. Andrea Dabney, an OB/GYN based in Georgia says, “Sometimes the search engines are in the right ballpark for some ideas of what it can be. But I haven’t ever found that they’re specific. It’s a physical exam as well as getting an actual test done that helps seal the diagnosis.”

Another study tested the reliability of AI models to recommend healthcare providers “related” to the condition described by the user. ChatGPT, Google Bard, and Bing Chat showed significant bias when recommending practitioners. Not only were the doctors recommended primarily in metropolitan areas around the United States, but there was a tendency to avoid recommending female practitioners. Most of the practitioners were in academic medicine as well.

Other statistics report that AI tends to give advice rather than referrals. This practice can often lead users to blindly follow AI advice as there is no outside source recommended. Should AI utilize the prompt as a call-to-action for the user to seek medical attention while also providing a reliable and accessible source, the outcome of asking AI for medical advice would be significantly better.

Other situations, as reported by the Canadian study referred to earlier, involve AI assuring users that everything is okay when in reality, there is an underlying medical issue. This assurance often leads to users ignoring symptoms or deeming themselves paranoid when in reality, they could be getting treatment and clarity. With the abundance of time sensitive sicknesses, it is crucial that diagnosis occur as soon as possible to increase reversibility.

Upon the detection of symptoms or discomfort, contacting a licensed healthcare provider is crucial. However, when both AI resources and healthcare providers are consulted, there is a possibility for discrepancy. “It’s difficult to pull that away from them once they have it in their head until you have a longer discussion. And that even involves how much of a rapport you already have with that patient,” says Dr. Dabney. “Sometimes you really do have to do further workup to disprove to patients it’s not something else.” Still, healthcare providers such as Dr. Dabney and Dr. Kirpilani agree that it is always more beneficial to review AI’s response with a healthcare provider to either confirm or disprove diagnoses or assurances. Dr. Dabney adds, “as a clinician, you add other things in like [a patient’s] past medical history and their family history and a lot of other things that aren’t pulled in when they start Googling a symptom.”

“Make sure that you’re actually trying to get in with a health provider.”

Karmen Profile

From Florida to Georgia and always on the sidelines, Florida State and University of Georgia graduate and journalism graduate-assistant, Karmen Morrison defines following one’s passion and letting nothing else interfere.

“I was being asked to do a lot of different interviews for my education and for sports at the time. And some were print, some were video, some were radio. And it didn’t matter what it was. I kind of just liked it. I liked the environment. And I just felt like I could do the same thing. That’s really what it was.”

Morrison is originally from Jacksonville, Florida where she won the Athlete of the Year title as a senior in high school and later obtained her bachelor’s degree from FSU where she practiced interviewing techniques, learned the ins-and-outs of journalism and explored multimedia journalism. Once she graduated, the University of Georgia began calling her name and she pursued her master’s degree as a Bulldog. In Athens, she dabbled in production all-while furthering her skills in journalism and building connections.

Throughout her career, sports, specifically women’s sports, have played a heavy role. From basketball to volleyball to flag football, she was constantly involved in athletics and once she received recognition, the interviews began.

“I was the interviewee, obviously, but I enjoyed it. It was a couple radio station interviews, things like that. And I was like, I think I could do this. So that’s probably where I got my start.”

As a high schooler tasked with the daunting job of figuring out a career, the interviewing process stood out to her. The behind-the-scenes and interactions led her to look into pursuing journalism. With her major figured out, the process of making an impact kicked off. Morrison hopes to make a mark within women’s sports and advocate for female athletes.

“Why? One, I think it’s all about equality,” said Morrison. “Representation matters. Obviously, I’m a black woman. So you got to be able to reach back and show little girls, even little boys, because I don’t think gender really matters. But you got to be able to uplift those, show them that it’s possible. I think it’s just really about representation at the end of the day.”

Morrison also took inspiration from her high school days, where she was deeply moved by the injustice she identified as a district-champion.

“So we had a pretty good football team when I was there and they would always get free shirts,” she said. “We were district champs year after year after year. And I’m like, bro, why we don’t get free shirts? What’s going on? So I think that’s one thing that irritated me. And I’m like, what’s happening? You see the disparity.”

Fueled by the injustices she faced herself, Morrison continues to show passion to raise awareness for the adversities that women face in sports regardless of which sport is actually being played. She hopes to represent collegiate athletes as they navigate the diversity they face.

“These are collegiate age women. It doesn’t have to be, but that’s what we are seeing. We don’t see as much local media on big outlets or anything like that. We’re seeing in college sports. We’re seeing in professional sports.”

From an interviewee to an interviewer, Morrison continues to work her way through the field of sports journalism, pushing herself to the frontlines as she interviews Lonnie Alameda, the renowned softball coach at FSU. She also leads summer camps at UGA, where she provides resources she wishes she had as a high schooler.

“If I had the opportunity to go to a camp like this, I would have. So for me it’s about sharing what I know to you guys, because y’all should want to be better than [I am].”

Avika Anand

Avika Anand

Temporarily permanent duality.

It seems that a large part of me is that I am able to narrow my decisions down to no less than two choices. The question always on my mind right now – where do I see myself in six years? There’s the world of hospitals, biology, stethoscopes and scalpels. Then there’s the world of papers, notepads, cameras and red pens. In six years will I be entering medical school after working countless hours in a clinic or will I be applying for a job in photojournalism? This decision exerts itself over my life and is therefore in my autobiography.

When I am not interning at a hospital or writing articles for a blog, I am usually bothering my little sister. Or rather, being bothered by her. Having a six-and-a-half year age difference often means we have some trouble communicating and understanding each other but regardless, she makes up a huge part of who I am. My instincts to care and help others came from caring and helping her as a kid and as she continues to grow, we have begun to bridge the six-year gap—so I have not only found a permanent partner-in-crime but also a best friend.

I am also constantly influenced by my motherland, however foreign it seems. Being raised in the United States since I was barely a few months old means I have little experience in India. The one time I visited that I can actually remember was unfortunately a month of constant throwing-up and jet-lag. However, one person contributed significantly to my newfound love for my country. When he began to talk about his home state in India, a fire lit up in his eyes and his voice was filled with passion. Since then, his connection to India fueled mine, leading me to ask for the first time, “Can we go to India this summer?” Unfortunately, this passion is not shared by my mother so there are no 16-hour plane tickets stored in my Wallet app, but hopefully that will change soon. Until then, dance has been establishing my connection. I practice Bhangra, a dance form that originated in the state of Punjab. It is extremely high energy and expressive and I have been practicing it for a little more than a year now. I have made many friends that connected me to my Punjabi roots, all while forming strong connections with my coaches.

While international plane tickets are quite uncommon, “across the country” seems to be a common destination for me. Since I was born, I have moved seven times from state to state, and more if in-state moves are counted. This pattern led me to develop communication skills early on and I often have little trouble making friends. However, I also developed a strong sense of independence, being an older sibling and also leaving my friends behind often. Therefore, I categorize myself as a quite open-minded and adjustable person.

Traditional art forms also deserve a honorable mention. I have been practicing multiple mediums of art since I was very little but have recently been deprived of time and inspiration to continue. Regardless, art forms a huge part of who I am and how I respond to situations. It helped me develop extreme patience as well as an ability to recover from mistakes easily with little mental toll and a lot more innovation. Other art forms also include music. I do more than enjoy music, it dictates and mirrors my feelings and helps me connect with my own emotions as well as with the person I enjoy spending time with most. We began interacting by syncing our music on Spotify and chatting through the beats, the synths, the key changes and the riffs as they rang in our ears. I have also participated in choir for the last four years, feeling the magical harmonies and chords as so many people sing together.